Nodule phosphorus requirement and O2 uptake in common bean genotypes under phosphorus deficiency

Abstract

The effect of P deficiency on nodulation, nodule P content, nodule O₂ permeability and N fixation rates in Phaseolus vulgaris–rhizobia symbiosis was studied under glasshouse conditions. Four recombinant inbred lines (L34, L83, L115 and L147) and one variety cultivated in Morocco (Concesa) were inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 in hydroaeroponic culture. Two P levels i.e. 75 (deficient level) and 250 µmol plant^?1 week^?1 P (sufficient level) were applied and the trial was assessed 42 days after transplanting that coincide with plant flowering stage. Under P-deficiency, decrease of plant growth (18%) and nodule biomass (19%) was detected and significantly pronounced in the sensitive line L147 compared with the remaining genotypes. Additionally, under P-deficiency, the efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis, estimated by the slope of the regression model of shoot biomass as a function of nodule biomass, was significantly increased in the four lines. This constraint did not significantly influence nodule P content in Concesa, but it was 24 and 41% lower in the tolerant and in the sensitive lines, respectively. Nodule P content was positively correlated to nodule biomass, r=0.75, and shoot N, r=0.92. These genotypic variations were associated with variability in nodule O₂ permeability that was significantly affected by the P level-bean genotype interaction. Under P-deficiency, nodule O₂ permeability was significantly reduced in the tested genotypes and accompanied with a decrease in shoot N content, especially in the sensitive lines (35%). Moreover, the ratios plant N fixed: nodule P content and plant N fixed:nodule dry weight were affected under P-deficiency in four lines with an exception observed in Concesa. Depending on the observed data we concluded that N₂ fixation efficiency could be influenced by nodulation and level of nodule P requirement which depend on both bean genotypes and P level.     

驱除牛肝片形吸虫及消化道圆形线虫与体增重相关性的研究

通过寄生虫区系调查和临床检验，发现肝片形吸虫及消化道圆形线虫感染普遍。因此，应用硝氯酚和左旋咪唑给牛驱虫，并观察牛的虫卵减少率与体增重的关系。结果用药组的体增重与对照组比，硝氯酚组平均多增重２６．１ｋｇ／头；左旋咪唑７８．９ｋｇ／头。     

Genetic variability among isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet

Fusarium yellows, caused by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae (Fob), can lead to significant yield losses in sugar beet. This fungus is variable in pathogenicity, morphology, host range and symptom production, and is not a well characterized pathogen on sugar beet. From 1998 to 2003, 86 isolates of F. oxysporum and 20 other Fusarium species from sugar beet, along with four F. oxysporum isolates from dry bean and five from spinach, were obtained from diseased plants and characterized for pathogenicity to sugar beet. A group of sugar beet Fusarium isolates from different geographic areas (including nonpathogenic and pathogenic F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum and F. avenaceum), F. oxysporum from dry bean and spinach, and Fusarium DNA from Europe were chosen for phylogenetic analysis. Sequence data from β‐ tubulin, EF1α and ITS DNA were used to examine whether Fusarium diversity is related to geographic origin and pathogenicity. Parsimony and Bayesian MCMC analyses of individual and combined datasets revealed no clades based on geographic origin and a single clade consisting exclusively of pathogens. The presence of FOB and nonpathogenic isolates in clades predominately made up of Fusarium species from sugar beet and other hosts indicates that F. oxysporum f. sp. betae is not monophyletic.     

真蛸人工繁殖初步试验

2005年春、秋两季在福建省大成水产良种繁育试验中心开展了真蛸(Dctopus vulgaris)人工繁殖初步试验.引进本地海区真蛸亲体48头,获得受精卵216万粒,孵化出幼体139万头,在春季成功培育着底幼蛸121头.开口饵料配置试验表明,卤虫无节幼体、轮虫、桡足类可作为真蛸幼体的开口饵料,以卤虫无节幼体为最佳.     

Relationships between Octopus vulgaris landings and environmental factors in the northern Alboran Sea (Southwestern Mediterranean)

The relationships between environmental factors and fluctuations in Octopus vulgaris landings in the northern Alboran Sea are studied from 1987 to 2007. Landings during this period show both a long term decrease and a strong inter-annual variability. An exploratory phase revealed that local coastal temperatures and those averaged for the whole Alboran Sea during the previous year were the main factors controlling such variability. Warm anomalies have a detrimental effect on the octopus landings on the following year and this suggests that the decreasing trend in octopus landings could be partially linked to the long term warming observed in the Western Mediterranean. It is not yet clear which are the specific mechanisms linking warm anomalies to landing decrease. Nevertheless some hypotheses are proposed and a statistical model is developed for attempting to predict octopus landings one year ahead.     

Trawling for cephalopods off the Portuguese coast—Fleet dynamics and landings composition

Fleet dynamics was addressed for three cephalopod taxa of commercial interest, the squid Loligo vulgaris, the octopuses Octopus vulgaris and Eledone cirrhosa, and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, for 48 trawlers of the fish trawling fleet. Landing profiles (LP) were identified based on the species composition of the landings using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four out of a total of 12 different LP were related to cephalopods and other species associated with them.The effects on the landing proportions of a number of variables, year, season and vessel, are analysed for each of the species studied using generalized linear models (GLM). The factor “vessel”, including an ensemble of technical characteristics as well as the abilities of individual skippers, explained most of the model deviance, strongly reinforcing the existence of a fleet component dedicated to catch cephalopods. However, time also explains much of the variation found in the data.Seasonal alternation between landings of octopodidae and cuttlefish was observed within a small group of old trawlers operating mainly off the south coast, following the abundance cycles of these species. For a larger group of more modern trawlers, operating off the western coast, inter-annual shift between octopus and squid was found, together with a well marked seasonal pattern between the catches of cephalopods and horse mackerel.Spatial patterns of activity were identified using vessel monitoring system (VMS) data available for trawlers in Portugal, demonstrating the existence of cephalopod targeting strategies in Portuguese fish trawling activities.     

铜绿微囊藻和小球藻室内竞争实验研究

对铜绿微囊藻和小球藻进行藻类竞争实验,并通过模拟计算,分别得到铜绿微囊藻和小球藻纯培养和竞争条件下的生长模式,并计算了2种藻之间的相互竞争抑制强度。纯培养时铜绿微囊藻和小球藻的增长速率r分别为0.451/d和0.419/d,最大环境容量K分别为1414×104个/mL和812×104个/mL;混合培养时铜绿微囊藻对小球藻的种间竞争强度为1.44,小球藻对铜绿微囊藻的种间竞争强度为0.9。     

Selective Absorption of K over Na in Sugar Beet Cultivars and its Relationship with Yield and Quality in Two Contrasting Environments of Central Greece

Selective absorption (SA) of K over Na (i.e. the preferential absorption of K over Na) has been proposed as a Na tolerance mechanism but genotypic variation for this trait has not been assessed with sugar beet in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the variation of SA in 14 sugar beet cultivars and to relate SA with yield and root quality in two sites of central Greece (Amfithea and Pyrgetos). Genotypic variation for SA was significant and the SA values were higher in Pyrgetos, the site with the lower soil K and Na concentrations. In Pyrgetos, a favourable environment for sugar beet growth, cultivars yielded more and root quality was better. In that site, a negative relationship between SA and yield (fresh root weight, sugar yield) was found indicating that strong Na exclusion from root is a disadvantage for high yielding. Negative SA–yield relationships were evident in Amfithea when five cultivars with very low SA values (<1.00) were excluded from the analysis. Combined all the cultivars, curvilinear functions were the best-fitted curves for the SA–yield relationships. In Amfithea, where sugar beets had lower water content in root (WCR), a significant, positive correlation between SA and % sucrose content in fresh root weight was found. This finding was ascribed to the dilution of sucrose in roots due to the increased WCR as a result of the increased root Na concentration. In both sites, SA was positively related with root K concentration and negatively with Na concentration. The positive correlations between SA and root α-amino N concentration indicated that sugar beet N nutrition could be affected by the genotypic ability to exclude Na from the root.     

土壤干旱胁迫对3个杏树品种生理生化特性的影响

以3年生杏树Armeniaca vulgaris叶片为试材,采用田间试验的方法,研究土壤干旱胁迫对3个杏树品种生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:①土壤干旱胁迫下,叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)、叶片相对含水量和吲哚乙酸质量分数下降;叶片相对电导率、可溶性糖质量分数和脯氨酸质量分数和超氧化物歧化酶活性上升.②随土壤水分的降低,因子间相关性逐渐减弱.③3个品种的抗旱性随土壤水分的不同而有异.胁迫程度较轻时,抗旱性依次为:金太阳＞香白＞金皇后;随胁迫的加剧,抗旱性则为:香白＞金太阳＞金皇后.表9参8     

新杀虫植物砂地柏研究进展

对新发现的一种杀虫植物砂地柏（Ｓａｂｉｎａ　ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ Ａｎｔ．）的资源、化学、药理学及杀虫活性等方面研究情况及进展作了论述．通过对砂地柏药理学及杀虫活性等方面的研究结果的总结和分析，为害虫防治方面的基础理论和实际应用研究提供了依据。